What is kidney disease?
Kidney disease is a condition in which the kidneys are impaired or deteriorating. It can be caused by many things, such as chronic diseases, infections, or lifestyle habits.
Causes of Kidney Disease
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Long-term use of medication
- Chronic urinary tract infections
- Kidney or urinary tract stones
- Genetic or hereditary diseases
- Eating too much salt or protein
Symptoms of kidney disease
Symptoms of kidney disease often come quietly. In the early stages, most people with kidney disease are not aware of it until symptoms become obvious. But by then, you will not know what stage your chronic kidney disease has progressed. เล่นบาคาร่า UFABET เว็บตรง ค่าคอมสูง Therefore, observe yourself and check the list accordingly. If you have 2 or more abnormal symptoms, it is recommended that you consult a doctor immediately.
- Fatigue, easily tired
- Swelling, especially in the face, legs, or feet
- Abnormal urine, such as foamy, dark colored urine, frequent or insufficient urination
- Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting
- Itchy body without a rash
- High blood pressure
- Difficulty breathing or palpitations (in the late stages)
- Dizziness or confusion (in some cases)
How many stages of kidney disease are there?
- Stage 1
( abnormal kidney function, such as protein leakage in the urine, but the filtration rate is still normal ) eGFR greater than 90 - Stage 2
( abnormal kidney function, such as protein leakage in the urine, slightly reduced filtration rate ) eGFR 60-90 - Stage 3a
( mild to moderate decline in glomerular filtration rate ) eGFR 45-59 - Stage 3b
( moderate to severe decline in glomerular filtration rate ) eGFR 30-44 - Stage 4
( severely reduced glomerular filtration rate ) eGFR 15-29 - Stage 5
( End-stage renal failure ) eGFR less than 15.
Basic nutritional principles for patients with kidney disease
1. Control protein intake
- Choose high-quality protein such as egg whites, fish, and tofu.
- If you are on dialysis, you may need to increase protein as advised by your doctor.
2. Reduce sodium (salt)
3. Potassium restriction
- Avoid fruits that are high in potassium, such as bananas, papaya, lychees, or orange juice.
4. Phosphorus control
- Avoid foods like milk, cheese, egg yolks, nuts, or whole grains.
5. Limit water intake (only if recommended by a doctor)
6. Get enough energy.
- Focus on energy-producing foods such as rice, vegetable oil, and sugar in moderate amounts.
Nutrition for kidney disease patients
Kidney patients should control their diet to help reduce the workload of the kidneys and prevent further health problems.
1. Protein
You should get 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day and avoid fatty meats such as:
1.1 Animal protein
- Chicken (boneless and skinless), low-fat fish such as salmon, tuna, sea bass, and egg whites.
1.2 Plant proteins
- Soybeans, mung beans, red beans, black beans, chia seeds and flax seeds
1.3 Milk protein
- Plain yogurt (no sugar), skim milk or low-fat dairy products
2. Energy
You should get 30-35 calories per kg of body weight per day, which can come from carbohydrates and fats.
2.1 Flour
- Brown rice, whole grain bread, konjac, oats, etc.
2.3 Fat
- Olive oil, flaxseed oil, avocado, fatty fish, coconut oil, etc.
3. Drinking water
Drink water equal to your daily urine volume, plus 500-700 ml, including other beverages and liquid foods.
4. Fat
Avoid foods high in cholesterol, such as egg yolks, animal organs, or foods containing coconut milk.
5. Minerals
People with kidney disease need to carefully control their diets containing minerals, as the buildup of certain minerals, such as potassium, phosphorus, or sodium, can put extra strain on the kidneys and lead to other health problems, such as heart failure or osteoporosis.
5.1 Sodium (should not exceed 2 grams/day)
Processed foods such as ready-to-eat meals, snacks, and instant soups should be avoided as they are very high in sodium.
5.2 Phosphorus
You should reduce your intake of foods such as beans, meat, egg yolks, tofu, coffee, etc. and avoid dairy products, cheese, and processed meats such as bacon, sausage, etc.
5.3 Potassium
Should be avoided such as durian, cantaloupe, tamarind, banana, mango, some green leafy vegetables such as spinach, etc.
summarize
Nutrition for kidney disease patients is very important because it helps nourish and control various complications. Diet control and consulting with nutrition experts can help kidney disease patients maintain better health and effectively reduce the burden on the kidneys. Let’s pay attention to the food and eating for the health of those you love.